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Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes

Received: 30 December 2014     Accepted: 13 January 2015     Published: 30 January 2015
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Abstract

Samples of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes during March 1-20 of 2003 E.C. The moisture content of freeze-dried body of the fish collected from six sites ranged between 62.6% and 86.6% (m/m). An optimal procedure required 12 mL mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2 (3:2:1, respectively) to mineralize powdered samples in open refluxed digestion vessels: 0.5 g of the fish body. The concentrations of 3 toxic elements in the body of the fish determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer varied, respectively, (mg of element/kg of fish); Cd = 0.4 - 1.85, Pb = 0.05 - 0.5 and Hg = 0.07 - 0.096. The concentration of those three heavy metals in water samples was also determined similarly by FAAS varied, respectively, as (mg of element/L of water sample); Cd = 0.06 - 0.66, Pb = 0.28 - 0.36 and Hg = 0.5 - 0.74. Application of the statistical t-test on heavy metal elements data has shown that there was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of Hg in water samples from the two Lakes. There is no significant difference between fish as well as water sample of the two lakes for the other metals.

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
Page(s) 10-16
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tilapia Fish, African Cat Fish, Clarias Gariepinus, Oreochromis Niloticus, Toxic Metals, Water Pollution, Lake Hawassa, Lake Ziway

References
[1] FAO. (1992). Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa. Report of the third session of The Working Party on Pollution and Fisheries Rome. FAO Fisheries Report. v. 471. P. 43- 44.
[2] EPA, (1994). Feb. Integrated Risk Information System-Cadmium.US Environmental Protection Agency v. 9. p. 7440-7443.
[3] Glover, J.W., Aust. J., (1979). Concentration of arsenic, selenium and ten heavy metals in school shark Mar. Fresh Water Res V. 30. P. 505-510.
[4] Kaim, W.; Schwedeski, B. John Wiley: Chichester (1994). Bio-inorganic Chemistry; Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life; An Introd. and Guide. V. 8. p. 9-335.
[5] Forstner, U. and Wittmann, G.T. (1983). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. V. 55. P. 162-165.
[6] Gebremariam, Z.; Desta, Z., SINET: (2002). The chemical composition of the effluent from Awassa Textile Factory and its effects on aquatic biota Ethiop. J. Sci. V. 25(2). p. 263-274.
[7] LFDP., (1998). Lake Fisheries Development Project, Fisheries Development in Ethiopia which way now? Project News. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Bulletin, v.11. P. 6-8.
[8] Ataro, A.; Wondimu, T.; Chandravanshi, B.S. (2003). SINET: Ethiop. J. Sci., v.103 p.26
[9] Griepink, B. and Tolg, G. (1989). Sample digestion for the determination of elemental traces in matrices of environmental concern. Pure Appl. Chem.v 61. p 1139-1148.
[10] Cohen., T.; Que Hee, S.S.; Ambrose, R.F. (2001) Marine Poll. Bull.,v. 42, p.224-230.
[11] Manahan SE. (1989). Toxicological Chemistry; a guide to toxic substances in chemistry. rooks/Cole Publishing Co, C.A. v.1. pp. 256- 257.
[12] Aranda, P.R.; Gil, R.A.; Moyano, S.; De Vito, I.E.; Martinez, L.D. (2008), Cloud point extraction of mercury with PONPE 7.5 prior to its determination in biological samples by ETAAS. Talanta v. 75, p. 307-311.
[13] Canli, M. and Ay, O. and Kalay, M. (1998). Levels of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr and Ni) in tissues of Cyprinus carpio, Barbus capito and Chondrostoma regium from Seyhn river, Turkey. Turk. J. Zool. V.22: p.149-157.
[14] Arellano, J.M., Ortiz, J.B. and Capeta, D.S., Gonzalez, M.L., Sarasquete, C. and Blasco, J. (1999). Levels of copper, zinc, manganese and iron in two fish species from salt marshes of Cadiz Bay (south west Ibrian Peninsula). Biol. Inst. Esp. Oceonogr. v.15:p. 485-488.
[15] Heath, A.G. (1987). CRC press, USA. Wat. Poll. and Fish Physi..p 245-268.
[16] Caroline Le Turdu et. al., (1999) The Ziway–Shala lake basin system, Main Ethiopian Rift: Influence of volcanism, tectonics, and climatic forcing on basin formation and sedimentation Palaeoclima. , Palaeoec. v. 15, p. 135–177
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  • APA Style

    Kiflom Gebremedhin, Tarekegn Berhanu. (2015). Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13

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    ACS Style

    Kiflom Gebremedhin; Tarekegn Berhanu. Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2015, 3(1), 10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13

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    AMA Style

    Kiflom Gebremedhin, Tarekegn Berhanu. Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes. Sci J Anal Chem. 2015;3(1):10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13,
      author = {Kiflom Gebremedhin and Tarekegn Berhanu},
      title = {Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes},
      journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-16},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20150301.13},
      abstract = {Samples of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes during March 1-20 of 2003 E.C. The moisture content of freeze-dried body of the fish collected from six sites ranged between 62.6% and 86.6% (m/m). An optimal procedure required 12 mL mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2 (3:2:1, respectively) to mineralize powdered samples in open refluxed digestion vessels: 0.5 g of the fish body. The concentrations of 3 toxic elements in the body of the fish determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer varied, respectively, (mg of element/kg of fish); Cd = 0.4 - 1.85, Pb = 0.05 - 0.5 and Hg = 0.07 - 0.096. The concentration of those three heavy metals in water samples was also determined similarly by FAAS varied, respectively, as (mg of element/L of water sample); Cd = 0.06 - 0.66, Pb = 0.28 - 0.36 and Hg = 0.5 - 0.74. Application of the statistical t-test on heavy metal elements data has shown that there was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of Hg in water samples from the two Lakes. There is no significant difference between fish as well as water sample of the two lakes for the other metals.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination of Some Selected Heavy Metals in Fish and Water Samples from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes
    AU  - Kiflom Gebremedhin
    AU  - Tarekegn Berhanu
    Y1  - 2015/01/30
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
    T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 16
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8053
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150301.13
    AB  - Samples of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected from Hawassa and Ziway Lakes during March 1-20 of 2003 E.C. The moisture content of freeze-dried body of the fish collected from six sites ranged between 62.6% and 86.6% (m/m). An optimal procedure required 12 mL mixture of HNO3, HClO4, and H2O2 (3:2:1, respectively) to mineralize powdered samples in open refluxed digestion vessels: 0.5 g of the fish body. The concentrations of 3 toxic elements in the body of the fish determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer varied, respectively, (mg of element/kg of fish); Cd = 0.4 - 1.85, Pb = 0.05 - 0.5 and Hg = 0.07 - 0.096. The concentration of those three heavy metals in water samples was also determined similarly by FAAS varied, respectively, as (mg of element/L of water sample); Cd = 0.06 - 0.66, Pb = 0.28 - 0.36 and Hg = 0.5 - 0.74. Application of the statistical t-test on heavy metal elements data has shown that there was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of Hg in water samples from the two Lakes. There is no significant difference between fish as well as water sample of the two lakes for the other metals.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia

  • Quality Monitoring and Testing Laboratory Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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