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Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex

Received: 25 June 2016     Accepted: 9 July 2016     Published: 23 July 2016
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Abstract

A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Diazepam (DZP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion-pair association reaction of DZP with ferrithiocyanide complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, λmax = 506 nm. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair associate was determined, and the reaction path way was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DZP in five marketed brands with three labeled dosages; 2, 5, 10 mg per tablet. The analytical results of the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with those obtained from standard HPLC procedures used as a reference method. Application of the proposed procedure shows acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The analytical results were in good agreement with the label claims. F-and Student’s t-tests proved that no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference method, and that this spectrophotometric method can be employed for the routine analysis of DZP in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12
Page(s) 52-58
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

DZP, Spectrophotometry, Ion-Pair Associate, HPLC

References
[1] British Pharmacopoeia, the British Pharmacopoeia Secretariat of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, UK, 2009.
[2] El-Hawary WF, Issa YM, Talat A, Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pure Form, Tablets and Ampoules. International Journal of Biomedical Science 2007, 3, pp. 50-55.
[3] Dastidar D G and Biswanath S, A Comparative Study of UV-Spectrophotometry and First-Order Derivative UV-Spectrophotometry Methods for the Estimation of Diazepam in Presence of Tween-20 and Propylene Glycol, 2009, 10, pp. 1396
[4] Manes J, Civera J, Font G, Bosch F, Spectrophotometric determination of benzodiazepines in pharmaceuticals by ion pairing, Cienc. Ind. Farm 1987, 6, pp 333-338.
[5] Arthur J, De silva F, Morton A, Stefanovic V, Kaplan J. The Liquid Chromatography of Some Benzodiazepines. Hoffmann-la Roche Inc., 1964, 36, pp. 2099.
[6] Salem AA, Barsoum BN, Izake EL. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of diazepam, bromazepam and clonazepam in pharmaceutical and urine samples. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc., 2004, 60 (4), pp. 771-780.
[7] Mannucci C, Bertini J, Cocchini A, Perico A, Salvagnini F, Triolo A. Simultaneous determination of otilonium bromide and diazepam by firstderivative spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci., 1992, 81 (12), pp. 1175-1177.
[8] Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Massolini G, Faucci MT, La Porta E, Pinzauti S. Optimisation and validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of diazepam and otilonium bromide. Analyst, 2001, 126 (10), pp 1700-1706.
[9] Samia M, El-Gizawy M. Simultaneous Determination of Diazepam, Oxazepam and Temazepam in Spiked Urine By HPLC. Analytical Letters, 2000; 33 (4), pp. 629-638.
[10] Moore C, Coulter C, Crompton K, Determination of Benzo-diazepines in Urine and Blood Using Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Agilent Technologies, Immunalysis Corporation, Pomona, CA, 2007, pp. 5989-7201.
[11] Gehad G M, Nour El-Dien F A, Khalil S M, Nehad A M, Spectrophotometric determination of trazodone, amineptine and amitriptyline hydrochlorides through ion-pair formation with molybdenum and thiocyanate Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2006, 65, pp. 1221-1226
[12] Kaura A, Gupta V, Roy G S, Kaura M, Spectrophotometric determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in dosage forms, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013, 2 (5), pp. 97-100
[13] Naveed, S, Simple UV Spectrophotometric Assay of Atorvastatin API Formulation and Their Comparative Study. Global Journal of Medical Research, 2014, 14, pp. 35-38
[14] Akhoundi-Khalafi A M, Masoud R S, New Technique for Quantitative Determination of Dexamethasone in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples Using Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 2015, pp. 1-6
[15] Misiuk W, Extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of doxepin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations using titanium (IV) and ferricyanide complexes, IL FARMACO., 2005, 60, pp. 61-69.
[16] Basavaiah K, Krishnamurthy G, Extractive spectrophotometric determination of some phenothiazine derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations, Talanta, 1998, 46, pp. 665-670.
[17] Gans P, Gill JB, Holden KML, Spectrochemistry of solutions. Part 27-Formation of [Mg(NCS)]+ in solutions of Mg(NCS)2 in methanol, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 1994, 90 (16), pp. 2351-2352.
[18] Winstein S, Clippinger E, Fainberg AH, Heck R, Robinson GC, Salt effects and ion pairs in solvolysis and related reactions. III. 1 Common ion rate depression and exchange of anions during acetolysis, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1956, 78 (2), pp. 328-335.
[19] Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, in: International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), Q2 (R1), IFPMA, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
[20] ICH, Q2 (R1), Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, in: International Conference on Harmonisation, Geneva, November 2005, /http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/Step4/Q2_R1_Guideline.pdfS, (accessed 1 May, 2012).
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  • APA Style

    Ali Abduh Mutair, Pulikkal Ajmal Koya, Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi. (2016). Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(4), 52-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12

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    ACS Style

    Ali Abduh Mutair; Pulikkal Ajmal Koya; Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi. Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 4(4), 52-58. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12

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    AMA Style

    Ali Abduh Mutair, Pulikkal Ajmal Koya, Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi. Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex. Sci J Anal Chem. 2016;4(4):52-58. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12,
      author = {Ali Abduh Mutair and Pulikkal Ajmal Koya and Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi},
      title = {Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex},
      journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {52-58},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160404.12},
      abstract = {A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Diazepam (DZP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion-pair association reaction of DZP with ferrithiocyanide complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, λmax = 506 nm. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair associate was determined, and the reaction path way was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DZP in five marketed brands with three labeled dosages; 2, 5, 10 mg per tablet. The analytical results of the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with those obtained from standard HPLC procedures used as a reference method. Application of the proposed procedure shows acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The analytical results were in good agreement with the label claims. F-and Student’s t-tests proved that no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference method, and that this spectrophotometric method can be employed for the routine analysis of DZP in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Spectrophotometric Determination of Diazepam in Pharmaceutical Forms by Ion-Pairing with Ferrithiocyanide Complex
    AU  - Ali Abduh Mutair
    AU  - Pulikkal Ajmal Koya
    AU  - Niyazi Abdulmawla Sallam Al-Areqi
    Y1  - 2016/07/23
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12
    T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    SP  - 52
    EP  - 58
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8053
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160404.12
    AB  - A rapid and validated spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of Diazepam (DZP) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was based on ion-pair association reaction of DZP with ferrithiocyanide complex in acidic medium. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption, λmax = 506 nm. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair associate was determined, and the reaction path way was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of DZP in five marketed brands with three labeled dosages; 2, 5, 10 mg per tablet. The analytical results of the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with those obtained from standard HPLC procedures used as a reference method. Application of the proposed procedure shows acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and reproducibility. The analytical results were in good agreement with the label claims. F-and Student’s t-tests proved that no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision between the proposed and reference method, and that this spectrophotometric method can be employed for the routine analysis of DZP in bulks as well as in the commercial formulations.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Republic of Yemen

  • Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Mizoram, India

  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Republic of Yemen

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