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Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator

Received: 18 May 2020     Accepted: 3 June 2020     Published: 17 June 2020
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Abstract

The chloride content for the newly developed surfactant is critical to ensure reaction completion and to minimize irritation issues that may be associated with having high chloride content. There are several methods used to determine the chloride content such as UV-visible and ion chromatography; however, both are known to have low accuracy and are less precise. Considering other factors such as skill, expertise, cost and time required, titration is the most suitable method for chloride determination because it is a simple, fast and relatively cheap method as compared to other methods. However, the precision achieved by manual titration is very much dependent on the operator’s skill and ability to detect the color change accurately. To increase the precision and accuracy of the results generated, an auto-titrator that employs potentiometric sensors to determine the endpoint has been used to determine the chloride content. An improved method to determine the presence of chloride in surfactant solution is hereby illustrated, in which a commercial surfactant has been analyzed using the auto-titrator. A commercial surfactant known as Cola Teric CBS with a sodium chloride content of 5.7% as stated in the Certificate of Assurance (COA) was analyzed using this method. Fifteen replicate titrations of the sample giving the average chloride content of 3.5%. The precision for both method and system was found to be 0.28% and 2.22% respectively, which is within the acceptable limit. The good precision achieved by this method concludes the intention of the work to develop a method that ensures the endpoint can be determined accurately with better reproducibility, reduced titrant, sample and not operator dependent.

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17
Page(s) 78-85
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Surfactant, Personal Care, Chloride Analysis, Autotitrator

References
[1] Instruments, H. Top 5 reasons Why You Should Move to Automated Titration.
[2] Popadyuk, A., Samanta, S., Alam, S., Kalita, H., Chisholm, B. J., and A. Voronov (2016) Soy-based Polymeric Surfactants for Personal Care Applications: A Review. Surfactants Hair Care.
[3] Tadros, T. F. (2005) Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
[4] Staszak, K., Wieczorek, D. and K. Michocka (2015) Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Surface and Wetting Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Cocamidopropyl betaine. J. Surfactants Deterg. 18: 321–328.
[5] Madunic-Cacic, D., Sak-Bosnar, M., Matesic-Puac, R., and M. Samardzic (2012) Potentiometric Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Formulations Containing Cocoamidopropyl Betaine. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 7 (1): 875-885.
[6] S. Herrwerth, H. Leidreiter, H. H. Wenk, M. Farwick, I. Ulrich-Brehm and B. Gruning (2008) Highly Concentrated Cocamidopropyl Betaine – The Latest Developments for Improved Sustainability and Enhanced Skin Care. Tenside Surfactants Deterg. 45 (6): 304–308.
[7] Klein K, and I. Palefsky (2007) Shampoo Formulation. Handb Cleaning/Decontamination Surfaces. 1: 277–304.
[8] Cornwell, P. A. (2018) A review of Shampoo Surfactant Technology: Consumer Benefits, Raw Materials and Recent Developments. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 40 (1): 16–30.
[9] Sakamoto, K., Lochhead, R., Maibach, H. and Y. Yamashita (2017) Cosmetic Science and Technology: Theoretical Principles and Applications. 1st ed. Sakamoto, K., editor. Elsevier.
[10] Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps. 10th Edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[11] Car, T. R., Pham, Q. T. and D. Blankschtein (1994) Salt Effects on Intramicellar Interactions and Micellization of Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions. Langmuir. 10 (1): 109–121
[12] Gupta, V. K., Goyal, R. N. and R. A. Sharma (2009) Chloride Selective Potentiometric Sensor based on a Newly Synthesised Hydrogen Bonding Anion Receptor. Electrochimica Acta. 54: 4216-4222.
[13] Bennight, C. (2011) Chloride by Autotitrator: Quick Start Guide”, International Ocean Discovery Program.
[14] Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater (2012) 22nd Edition. - Method 4500-Cl-B-Argentometric Method, pp 4-72 - 4-73.
[15] Eurachem/CITAC Guide CG4 Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement. - 2nd Edition (2000).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mahani Mamat, Salwani Abdullah, Sara Shahruddin, Noor Haida Sebran. (2020). Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 8(2), 78-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17

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    ACS Style

    Mahani Mamat; Salwani Abdullah; Sara Shahruddin; Noor Haida Sebran. Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2020, 8(2), 78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17

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    AMA Style

    Mahani Mamat, Salwani Abdullah, Sara Shahruddin, Noor Haida Sebran. Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator. Sci J Anal Chem. 2020;8(2):78-85. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17,
      author = {Mahani Mamat and Salwani Abdullah and Sara Shahruddin and Noor Haida Sebran},
      title = {Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator},
      journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
      volume = {8},
      number = {2},
      pages = {78-85},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20200802.17},
      abstract = {The chloride content for the newly developed surfactant is critical to ensure reaction completion and to minimize irritation issues that may be associated with having high chloride content. There are several methods used to determine the chloride content such as UV-visible and ion chromatography; however, both are known to have low accuracy and are less precise. Considering other factors such as skill, expertise, cost and time required, titration is the most suitable method for chloride determination because it is a simple, fast and relatively cheap method as compared to other methods. However, the precision achieved by manual titration is very much dependent on the operator’s skill and ability to detect the color change accurately. To increase the precision and accuracy of the results generated, an auto-titrator that employs potentiometric sensors to determine the endpoint has been used to determine the chloride content. An improved method to determine the presence of chloride in surfactant solution is hereby illustrated, in which a commercial surfactant has been analyzed using the auto-titrator. A commercial surfactant known as Cola Teric CBS with a sodium chloride content of 5.7% as stated in the Certificate of Assurance (COA) was analyzed using this method. Fifteen replicate titrations of the sample giving the average chloride content of 3.5%. The precision for both method and system was found to be 0.28% and 2.22% respectively, which is within the acceptable limit. The good precision achieved by this method concludes the intention of the work to develop a method that ensures the endpoint can be determined accurately with better reproducibility, reduced titrant, sample and not operator dependent.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Development and Validation of Method for Determination of Chloride in Surfactant Sample Using Auto-Titrator
    AU  - Mahani Mamat
    AU  - Salwani Abdullah
    AU  - Sara Shahruddin
    AU  - Noor Haida Sebran
    Y1  - 2020/06/17
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17
    T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    SP  - 78
    EP  - 85
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8053
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20200802.17
    AB  - The chloride content for the newly developed surfactant is critical to ensure reaction completion and to minimize irritation issues that may be associated with having high chloride content. There are several methods used to determine the chloride content such as UV-visible and ion chromatography; however, both are known to have low accuracy and are less precise. Considering other factors such as skill, expertise, cost and time required, titration is the most suitable method for chloride determination because it is a simple, fast and relatively cheap method as compared to other methods. However, the precision achieved by manual titration is very much dependent on the operator’s skill and ability to detect the color change accurately. To increase the precision and accuracy of the results generated, an auto-titrator that employs potentiometric sensors to determine the endpoint has been used to determine the chloride content. An improved method to determine the presence of chloride in surfactant solution is hereby illustrated, in which a commercial surfactant has been analyzed using the auto-titrator. A commercial surfactant known as Cola Teric CBS with a sodium chloride content of 5.7% as stated in the Certificate of Assurance (COA) was analyzed using this method. Fifteen replicate titrations of the sample giving the average chloride content of 3.5%. The precision for both method and system was found to be 0.28% and 2.22% respectively, which is within the acceptable limit. The good precision achieved by this method concludes the intention of the work to develop a method that ensures the endpoint can be determined accurately with better reproducibility, reduced titrant, sample and not operator dependent.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, Malaysia

  • Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, Malaysia

  • Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, Malaysia

  • Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Kajang, Malaysia

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