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Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil

Received: 8 August 2015     Accepted: 17 August 2015     Published: 29 August 2015
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Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the extent of trace metals in Modjo tannery wastewater and their levels of contamination in the vicinity of Modjo river water and agricultural soil. Samples of tannery wastewater, river water and agricultural soils have been analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that the concentration of Zn and Cr metals in Modjo tannery wastewater as well as Cd, Ni and Cr in the river water sample were above the standard values of FEPA and WHO. But Pb was found below the method detection limit for both wastewater and water samples. Results of one - way ANOVA shows that variations for all selected metals in both wastewater and water samples at different sampling points were statistically significant except Cd in the river water sample. For the agricultural soil sample levels of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cr were above NEQS standard limit value. The metal contamination factor (CF) also shows that the agricultural soil was highly contaminated (CF>6) with Cd and Cr, but moderately contaminated (1<CF<3) with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Very high contamination factor for Cr and Cd was observed in the agricultural soil indicating that both tannery wastewater and river water affects the quality of the soil around the tannery factory.

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
Page(s) 56-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Modjo Tannery Wastewater, Modjo River, Trace Metals, Soil Contamination

References
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[2] Baby, S. P. (2010). Effect of tannery effluent on water and soil profile, plant growth and human health, PhD thesis. Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore – 43. 1-7.
[3] Akan, J. C., Abdulrahman, F. I., Ayodele, J. T. and Ogugbuaja, V.G. (2009). Impact of tannery and textile effluent on the chemical characteristics of Challawa River, Kano state, Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food chemistry. 8:1008-1032.
[4] UNIDO. (2005). United Nations industrial development organization, cost of tanned waste treatment, 15th session of the leather and leather products industry panel, Leon, Mexico.
[5] Tariq, S.R., Shah, M. H., Shaheen, N., Khalique, A., Manzoor, S. and Jaffar, M. (2006). Multivariate analysis of trace metal levels in tannery effluents in relation to soil and water: A case study from Peshawar, Pakistan. Journal of Environmental Management. 79:20-29
[6] Babatunde, A. O., Zhao, Y. Q., O'Neill, M., O'Sullivan, B. (2008). Constructed wetlands for environmental pollution control: A review of developments, research and practice in Ireland. Environment International. 34:116-126
[7] Ogbonna, J. O., Lawal, F. A., Owoeye, L. D. and Udeh, M. U. (1998). Chemical characteristics and fertilizing value of primary sludge from tannery effluent treatment plant, paper presented at the 16th annual national conference of the Nigerian institute of science and technology at University of Ibadan.24-27th November, 1998.
[8] Surya Dev, P.Y., Kalpana, M., Narendra, K. C., Parashuram, M. (2015). Assessing Physico-Chemical Parameters of Potable Water in Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry.3 (2):17-21.
[9] Ramessur, R. T., Ramjeawon, T. (2002). Determination of lead, chromium and zinc in sediments from an urbanized River in Mauritius. Environment International. 28: 315-324.
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[11] Khasim, D. I., Nanda, N. V. and Hussain, R. C. (1989). Environmental contamination of chromium in agricultural and animal products near chromate industry. Bulletin Environmental Contaminated Toxicology. 43:742-746.
[12] Teklit, G. A. (2015). Plant, soil and water pollution due to tannery effluent a case study from Sheb Tannery, P.L.C,Wukro Tigray, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 3(5):47-51.
[13] Alloway, B. J. (1994). Toxic metals in soil-plant systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and sons. 3-26.
[14] Mertz, W. (1981).The essential trace elements. Science.213:1332-1338
[15] Vallee, B. L. (1951). The function trace elements in biology. The Scientific Monthly. 72:368-376
[16] FEPA. (1991). Guidelines to standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria.10-20
[17] Tesfaye, M. (2006). Biological nitrogen removal from tannery wastewater using alkaliphilic sludge. M.Sc thesis. Addis Ababa University. Addis Ababa. 2-18
[18] Method 3005A. (1992). Acid digestion of waters for total recoverable or dissolved metals
[19] Method 3005A. (1992). Acid digestion of waters for total recoverable or dissolved metals for analysis by FAAS or ICP spectroscopy
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    Amanial Haile Reda. (2015). Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3(5), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13

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    ACS Style

    Amanial Haile Reda. Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2015, 3(5), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13

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    AMA Style

    Amanial Haile Reda. Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil. Sci J Anal Chem. 2015;3(5):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13,
      author = {Amanial Haile Reda},
      title = {Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil},
      journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {56-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20150305.13},
      abstract = {This study was conducted to assess the extent of trace metals in Modjo tannery wastewater and their levels of contamination in the vicinity of Modjo river water and agricultural soil. Samples of tannery wastewater, river water and agricultural soils have been analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that the concentration of Zn and Cr metals in Modjo tannery wastewater as well as Cd, Ni and Cr in the river water sample were above the standard values of FEPA and WHO. But Pb was found below the method detection limit for both wastewater and water samples. Results of one - way ANOVA shows that variations for all selected metals in both wastewater and water samples at different sampling points were statistically significant except Cd in the river water sample. For the agricultural soil sample levels of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cr were above NEQS standard limit value. The metal contamination factor (CF) also shows that the agricultural soil was highly contaminated (CF>6) with Cd and Cr, but moderately contaminated (1<CF<3) with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Very high contamination factor for Cr and Cd was observed in the agricultural soil indicating that both tannery wastewater and river water affects the quality of the soil around the tannery factory.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Study on the Pollution Levels of Trace Metals from Modjo Tannery Effluent in the Surrounding River Water and Soil
    AU  - Amanial Haile Reda
    Y1  - 2015/08/29
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
    T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
    SP  - 56
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-8053
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20150305.13
    AB  - This study was conducted to assess the extent of trace metals in Modjo tannery wastewater and their levels of contamination in the vicinity of Modjo river water and agricultural soil. Samples of tannery wastewater, river water and agricultural soils have been analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The result showed that the concentration of Zn and Cr metals in Modjo tannery wastewater as well as Cd, Ni and Cr in the river water sample were above the standard values of FEPA and WHO. But Pb was found below the method detection limit for both wastewater and water samples. Results of one - way ANOVA shows that variations for all selected metals in both wastewater and water samples at different sampling points were statistically significant except Cd in the river water sample. For the agricultural soil sample levels of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cr were above NEQS standard limit value. The metal contamination factor (CF) also shows that the agricultural soil was highly contaminated (CF>6) with Cd and Cr, but moderately contaminated (1<CF<3) with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Very high contamination factor for Cr and Cd was observed in the agricultural soil indicating that both tannery wastewater and river water affects the quality of the soil around the tannery factory.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia

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